A data visualization consultant selects tools based on the specific needs of the project, including data complexity, volume, and the intended audience. They evaluate factors such as the type of data (structured, unstructured), the level of interactivity required, and the need for real-time updates. For instance, they might choose Power BI or Tableau for dashboard creation, while opting for D3.js for more customized, web-based visualizations. The consultant also considers scalability, ease of use, and integration with existing systems, ensuring the chosen tool aligns with the overall business objectives and technical environment.